적색골수(in 해면골) ; 적혈구, 백혈구, 혈소판
황색골수(in 골수강) ; 일부의 백혈구
Compound fracture : open and comlete
Hinge joint : Elbow cf)Partial hinge:knee joint
Saddle joint : Thumb
Static(정적) - Isometric(등척성)
- Isotonic(등장성) - concentric(단축성) & Eccentric(신장성)
Dynamic(동적) - Isokinetic(등속성)
Deltoid C5 - Bicep reflex
Biceps C6 - Branchioradial reflex
Triceps C7 - Triceps refle
Interossei C8 : Finger abd, add
Supraspinatus 극상근
Infraspinatus 극하근
Teres minor 소원근
Subscapularis 견갑하근
Apley's test : active range of motion (AROM)
Drop arm test : tear in rotator cuff
Y(G)erason test : Biceps tendon
Apprehension test : shoulder dislocation / "Duga's sign
De Quervain's disease (양계 부위)
- Finkelsten test (baby fist) and deviation ulnar side
Guyon Tunnel = Pisiform + hook of Hamate
Capal Tunnel : Tinel sign, Phalen test
태양경근 : 손이 뒤로 안돌 때, 손을 등 뒤로 돌릴 때 이상
대장경근 : 손바닥 위로해서 올릴때
삼초경근 : 손등을 위로해서 올릴때
소장경근 : 손을 목 뒤로 반대쪽 귀 잡을때, 손을 등위로 돌릴 때 이상
Shoulder impingement syndrome
pain arc 60`~120`
=> Supraspinatus tendinitis or Bursitis
Mills manipulation : for tennis elbow, wrist extension and rotate inside
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Adson test: head ipsilateral side, hold and deep breath, shoulder passive abduct
Halstead test: hyper-extension
Allen test: head turn opposite, arm abduct&elevate
Carrying angle : Men 5` Women 10-15`
Q(quadriceps) angle : Men 12` Women 16`
대능형골 소능형골 유두골 유구골
Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
주상골 월상골 삼각골 두상골
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform
Muscle evaluation
5 100% Normal full resistance
4 75% Good some resistance
3 50% Fair no resistance
2 25% Poor gravity omitted
1 10% Trace no joint motion
0 0% Zero no muscle contractility
Pronators회내근 Syndrome : pain and numbness in forearm
Dupuytren's contracture : palmar aponeurosis
Trigger Finger : nodule trapped behind sheath
Heberden's node : DIP
Bouchard's node : PIP
Hyoid bone: C3
Thyroid cartilage : C4
Frist cricoid ring : C6 = tracheostomy
C5-6 : most often involved facet joint ploblem
Torticollis (=wryneck) : Sternocledomastoid muscle
Whiplash injury : Traffic accident
Brachial plexus : C5-T1
Lumbar plexus : L2-S3
Jaw reflex test : Trigeminal cranial nerve(5th)
Chvostek test : Facial cranial nerve(7th)
Iliac crests : between L4-L5
PSIS : S2 spinous process
Umbilicus : between L3-L4
Sciatic : L4-S3 , Tibial L4-S3, Common peroneal L4-S2
Piriformis syndrome : piriformis, obturator internus, sciatic nerve
Iliopsoas tendon(main flexor of hip) + lesser trochanter : T12 - L3
Quadriceps (hip adductor ) : L2 - L4
Patellar reflex : L4
Achilles refles : S1
Hoover test : 한쪽 다리 올릴때 다른쪽 아래로 향하는 힘이 느껴짐
Kernig test : meningeal sign, with hip flexed and knee flexed-cannot extend knee
Intrathecal pressure test
1. Migram test : 누운자세로 다리를 5cm 정도 올리고 30초 유지
2. Naphziger test : jugular vein 10 sec
3. Valsalba maneuber : 허리 구부리고 숨을 참음
Rock the Sacroiliac joint
1. Pelvic rock test
2. Gaenslen's test : Iliopsoas M. & SI joint : 침대 끝에 누워 양다리 가슴으로 모으고 한쪽 떨어트림
3. Patrick of Fabere test : 4자 검사, AVN 또는 내전근의 경직
Ober's test : 측와로 슬관절 90`, 고관절을 가능한 외전 자세유지, Fascia lata 염증 또는 구축
Ortolani click :Hip dysplasia (Women>Men)
SLR (Straight leg raising test)
35` : sciatic root
70` 이전 : SI joint
70` 이후 : Lumbar spine
Gait
Stance phase : Heel strike - Foot flat - Mid stance - Push off
Swing phase : Accelration - Mid swing - Deceleration
Trendelenburg gait sign : Glutues medius
Propulsive gait : 평발
Steppage gait : 까지발
Waddling(duck) gait : 양발
Spastic gait : 다리가 원을 그리며 전진
Scissors gait (adductor) 가위 모양
Pelvic girdle : hip joint, SI joint, pubic symphsis
Inguinal Triangle : Femoral vein-artery-nerve (VAN)
Sartorius : 가장 길다 ASIS - Knee(tibial tuberosity)
Snapping hip (gluteal tendinitis) :
External : Gluteus medius - Iliotibial band
Internal : Iliopsoas tendon catches on femoral head
Supertrochanteric plane : staring point of sciatic nerve
Pre-patellar bursitis
Pes anserine bursitis : medial aspect of the tibial tubercle
valgus : knock knee
varus : bow leg
lax ligament : genu recurvatum
Osgood-Schlatter's syndrome
: patellar tendon palpable to its insertion into the tibial tubercle
Medial meniscus : attached to upper edge of the plateau (more common damage)
ITB(iliotibial tract band)
Baker's cyst : gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa)
Unhappy triad syndrome = ACL+median meniscus+median collateral ligament
Bounce home test : bounce after knee drop
Lachmen test : ACL 20~30`
Anterior draw: ACL 90`
McMurray test : Meniscus ( median, lateral )
Apley's compression and distraction test : compression or grinding
Patella femoral grinding test